Volume 17, Number 1 / 2011

Kandemir N., 2011: Trichomes on Salvia pomifera (Lamiaceae) in Turkey [Plaukeliai ant Turkijoje aptinkamos Salvia pomifera (Lamiaceae) organų]. – Botanica Lithuanica, 17(1): 3–13. Full text.

Morphology and localization of glandular and non-glandular trichomes on vegetative and reproductive organs of Salvia pomifera were investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. This species is endemic to the east Mediterranean region. Five distinct types of glandular trichomes (one peltate and four capitate) were determined on the organs of this species. The peltate trichomes were characterized by a short stalk cell, a basal cell and a large spherical two to four-celled head. The capitate trichomes consisted of one to four-celled stalk, one-celled neck and one to two-celled head. On the leaves and calyx peltate trichomes were abundant, while on the stem and petiole they were rare. The capitate glandular and non-glandular trichomes were widely observed on vegetative and reproductive organs of S. pomifera.

Keywords: trichomes, morphology, localization.

Koreivienė J., Kasperovičienė J., 2011: Coccoid green algae flora in plankton of small lakes of the Baltic Uplands [Rytinės Baltijos kalvyno dalies mažųjų ežerų planktono kokoidinių žaliadumblių flora]. – Bot. Lith., 17(1): 13-29. Full text.

One hundred and thirty five species of coccoid green algae ascribed to 12 families and 50 genera were recorded in 28 small lakes located in the Eastern part of the Baltic Uplands. They comprised almost half of the known coccoid algae species (284) in Lithuania. Scenedesmaceae (41 species), Chlorellaceae (25), Oocystaceae (19) families and Scenedesmus (26), Pediastrum (12) genera were the most diverse. Very rare species worldwide Echinosphaeridium nordstedtii Lemmermm., Monoraphidium flexuosum Komárek, Pseudokirchneriella roselata (Hindák) Hindák, Thorakochloris nygaardii Fott were among 34 species new to the Lithuanian Chlorococcales algae flora. The discrepancies in number and size of cells, colonies, coenobia as well as atypical morphological structures were evident in the lakes characterised by high anthropogenic impact and extreme environmental conditions.

Keywords: coccoid green algae, Chlorococcales, diversity, lakes, Lithuania.

Markovskaja S., Kačergius A., Treigienė A., 2011: Occurrence of new alien pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella dearnessii in Lithuania [Naujas svetimžemis patogeninis grybas Mycosphaerella dearnessii Lietuvoje]. – Bot. Lith., 17(1): 29–39. Full text.

In 2009, Lecanosticta acicola, an anamorphic stage of pathogenic ascomycetous fungus Mycosphaerella dearnessii, causing foliage disease of pines known as brown spot needle blight has been for the first time reported in Lithuania. This alien fungus was found in Pinus mugo plantations in the Curonian Spit (western Lithuania). During detailed investigations in 2009 and 2010, only anamorphic stage was found on heavily damaged needles; teleomorph was not observed. The fungus was identified by both morphological characters and molecular PCR-based methods. Information on the distribution, taxonomy, morphology and ecology of this needle pathogen is provided.

Keywords: brown spot needle blight, distribution, invasive fungal pathogens, needle diseases, Pinus.

Motiejūnaitė J., Brackel W. v., Stončius D., Preikša Ž., 2011: Contribution to the Lithuanian flora of lichens and allied fungi. III [Papildomi duomenys apie Lietuvos kerpių ir su jomis susijusių grybų florą. III]. – Bot. Lith., 17(1): 39-47. Full text.

A list of 13 species of lichens and 12 species of lichenicolous fungi from Lithuania is presented. New to the Baltic states are Arthonia molendoi, Caloplaca flavocitrina, C. phlogina, Diederichia pseudeverniae, Phoma ficuzzae, P. foliaceiphila, Scoliciosporum gallurae, Strangospora deplanata, Vezdaea acicularis and Wentiomyces lichenicola; new to Lithuania are Bachmanniomyces uncialicola, Bacidia pycnidiata, Cladonia monomorpha, Clypeococcum cetrariae, Lecania cuprea, Leptogium rivulare, Libertiella curvispora, Opegrapha vermicellifera, Polycoccum pulvinatum, Porpidia soredizodes, Scoliciosporum sarothamni, Thelocarpon epibolum, Trichonectria anisospora, Vouauxiomyces ramalinae. The teleomorph of Scutula dedicata is recorded for the first time in the country.

Keywords: lichens, lichenicolous fungi, Lithuania.

Treigienė A., 2011: Fungi associated with Ammophila arenaria in Lithuania and taxonomical notes on some species. [Grybai, susiję su pajūrine smiltlendre (Ammophila arenaria) Lietuvoje, ir taksonominės pastabos apie kelias jų rūšis]. – Bot. Lith., 17(1): 47-55. Full text.

Seventeen species of parasitic and saprotrophic fungi were identified on Ammophila arenaria (Poaceae). Two species were ascribed to the Basidiomycota (Uredinales), seven – to Ascomycota and eight – to anamorphic fungi. The plant is reported as a new host for Phaeoseptoria airae and Septoriella junci. Five species were new for Lithuania: Amarenomyces ammophilae, Mycosphaerella lineolata, M. psammae, Phaeosphaeria marram, P. vagans. These fungi are described, illustrated and briefly discussed. Taxonomical notes for some species are provided.

Keywords: Uredinales, ascomycetes, anamorphic fungi, distribution.

Short Notes

Savchenko K. G., Heluta V. P., 2011: Tolyposporium junci: a new smut fungus for Belarus [Tolyposporium junci – naujas Baltarusijoje kūlinis grybas]. – Bot. Lith., 17(1): 55–59. Full text.

Tolyposporium junci (J. Schröt.) Woronin is reported for the first time for Belarus. The fungus was found on a specimen of Juncus bufonius L. stored in the herbarium of vascular plants of the M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany (KW). This fungus specimen is described and illustrated here.

Keywords: Tolyposporium, smut fungi, Juncus, Belarus.

Sinkevičienė Z., 2011: First records of Lemna turionifera in Lithuania [Pirmieji Lemna turionifera radiniai Lietuvoje]. – Bot. Lith., 17(1): 59–63. Full text.

Occurrence of Lemna turionifera Landolt on the territory of Lithuania was first confirmed in two samples of free-floating plants collected in 2010. Localities of the samples in the north-east and south of the country as well as differential characters of L. turionifera, L. minor, L. gibba and L. minuta species are presented.

Keywords: aquatic macrophytes, Lemna turionifera, vascular plants, Lithuania.

Volume 17, Number 2–3 / 2011

 Balsevičius A., 2011: Alien species Wollfia arrhiza and Wolffietum arrhizae communities in Lithuania [Svetimkraštė Wolffia arrhiza rūšis ir Wolffietum arrhizae bendrijos Lietuvoje]. – Bot. Lith., 17(2–3): 65–72. Full text.

Two localities of Wolffia arrhiza were recorded in the southwestern part of Lithuania in 1998 and 2010. These plants grow in small insolated eutrophic water bodies with organic sediments in the inundated depression between hills dammed by beavers. The populations cover almost 100 % of the water surface, simultaneously forming communities of the Wolffietum arrhizae association. In Lithuania, these communities are not so rich in species as in neighbouring Poland, however, the species composition is very similar.

Keywords: Lemnaceae, Lemnetea, distribution, habitats, ecology, syntaxonomy.

Dobravolskaitė R., Gudžinskas Z., 2011: Alien plant invasion to forests in the vicinity of communal gardens [Svetimkraščių augalų skverbimasis į sodų bendrijų kaimynystėje esančius miškus]. – Bot. Lith., 17(2–3): 73–84. Full text.

Plants cultivated in gardens or other ornamental plantations possess no danger to the environment until they remain in cultivation; however, any plant that has escaped from cultivation should not be neglected because this process can be the start of species naturalization and future invasion. The investigations on alien plant species invasion to forests in the vicinity of communal gardens were conducted in June–August 2008.Six garden communities situated in Vilnius and its environs were selected for the research. Diversity of alien plant species was investigated in the selected study areas situated in the forest habitats outside the limits of the area of communal gardens. The aim of this research was to evaluate the diversity of alien plant species in the forest habitats in the vicinity of communal gardens and the relationship between spread intensity and distance from a garden. In all sampling plots arranged in the vicinity of the communal gardens, 56 alien plant species were registered. The number of alien plant species in the studied areas varied from 18 to 29. Statistically reliable negative correlation (r = -0.77, p < 0.05) was found between the number of alien plant species and the distance of sampling plots from the edge of communal gardens. This research revealed a high diversity of alien species in the vicinity of communal gardens, thus, they should be considered as an important source of alien and potentially invasive species.

Keywords: non-native plant species, forest habitats, coefficient of similarity, dispersal, frequency, naturalization, gardens, ornamental plants, Lithuania.

Iznova T., Rukšėnienė J., 2011: Diversity and ecological aspects of pyrenomycetes and loculoascomycetes (Ascomycota) in Pavilniai Regional Park (Lithuania) [Pirenomicetų ir lokuloaskomicetų (Ascomycota) įvairovė ir ekologijos ypatumai Pavilnių regioniniame parke (Lietuva)]. – Bot. Lith., 17(2–3): 85–96. Full text.

Diversity and ecological aspects of pyrenomycetes and loculoascomycetes from deciduous forest in Pavilniai Regional Park were studied. A total of 83 species of pyrenomycetes and loculoascomycetes, belonging to 14 orders were identified. Eleven fungal species were recorded for the first time in Lithuania. The studied fungi were found on various types of substrate of 17 woody plant species in three forest communities: Alno incanae-Fraxinetum excelsioris, Pruno padi-Alnetum incanae and Querco-Ulmetum campestris.

Keywords: fungi, pyrenomycetes, loculoascomycetes, diversity, host, substrate preference, Lithuania.

Koreivienė J., Kasperovičienė J., 2011: Significance of coccoid green algae in plankton of small lakes in the eastern part of the Baltic Uplands [Kokoidinių žaliadumblių svarba rytinės Baltijos kalvyno dalies mažųjų ežerų fitoplanktonui]. – Both. Lith., 17(2–3): 97–108. Full text.

Coccoid green algae accounted for about 20 % of the total plankton algal diversity (688 species) in the small lakes and ponds of the Baltic Uplands. During the vegetation period, they made up to 49 % of total phytoplankton species number and up to 85 % of abundance in the separate lakes reaching the highest species diversity and abundance in summer. The diversity and abundance of coccoid green algae depended on lake morphometry, hydrological and watershed features as well as nutrient availability. The highest diversity of chlorococcoid algae was determined in shallow, overflowing water bodies surrounded by agrarian-urbanized landscape, the lowest diversity – in deep or rather deep lakes surrounded by forests and with dominant ground water inseeping. The highest species number of coccoid green algae, their relative contribution to phytoplankton community and total abundance were recorded in eutrophic with hypertrophy features shallow-planctonic lakes, the lowest – in mesotrophic (deep and shallow-macrophytic) ans shallow-swamp lakes. Coccoid algae frequently dominated in mesotrophic water bodies. Swamp lakes were characterized by specific flora of this group.

Keywords: Chlorococcales, phytoplankton, lake trophy, Lithuania. 

Motiejūnaitė J., 2011: Lichens and allied fungi from Kamanos State Strict Nature Reserve (northern Lithuania) [Kamanų valstybinio gamtinio rezervato (šiaurinė Lietuva) kerpės ir su jomis susiję grybai]. – Both. Lith., 17(2–3): 109–116. Full text.

The paper deals with the results of inventory of lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied saprobic fungi from Kamanos State Strict Nature Reserve. A total of 171 species (of these 152 species of lichens, 16 lichenicolous and 3 non-lichenized saprobic fungi) were reported. Three lichenized species (Lecanora farinaria, Normandina acroglypta and Ochrolechia alboflavescens) and two lichenicolous species (Epicladonia simplex and Pronectria santessonii) were reported for the first time in Lithuania. Only one species of thre Red Data Book (RDB) of Lithuania – Arthonia venosa was recorded. Icmadophila ericetorum, RDB species previously reported from the Reserve was not refound.

Keywords: lichens, lichenicolous fungi, Lithuania, protected areas.

Rasimavičius M., Naujalis R. J., 2011: Frequency of vascular plant species in the abandoned sand and gravel quarry of Beržupis [Apleisto Beržupio smėlio ir žvyro karjero induočių augalų rūšių dažnumas]. – Both. Lith., 17(2–3): 117–125. Full text.

Anthropogenic transformation of natural systems creates opportunity for native and alien species of vascular plants with various ecological requirements to migrate and anchor the newly formed anthropogenic habitats. Comparative analysis of the composition of vascular plant species in abandoned quarry and natural forest indicated that overall botanical diversity of the territory increases considerably after anthropogenic transformation of the area. The character of vascular plant species distribution in the quarry was largely determined by the relief forms, mainly by the slope exposition. Route method used in this research in comparison with other available techniques allowed more impartial evaluation of the composition and frequency of flora components of the limited-size and orographically heterogeneous territories.

Keywords: anthropogenized territories, flora, quarries, frequency of plant species, Lithuania.

Šulčius S., Staniulis J., Paškauskas R., 2011: Comparative analysis of methods for quantitative assessment of virus-like particles in eutrophicated aquatic environments [Metodų, skirtų virusinių dalelių kiekiui eutrofikuotose hidroekosistemose įvertinti, lyginamoji analizė]. – Both. Lith., 17(2–3): 127–133. Full text.

The applicability of two microscopy-based methods for virus enumeration was evaluated for the eutrophicated Curonian Lagoon. Total abundance of viruses determined by means of electron and epifluorescence microscopy ranged from 1.91 × 10⁷ to 5.06 × 10⁷ viruses ml^-1 and from 72.81 × 10⁷ to 141.88 × 10⁷ viruses ml^-1, respectively. T-test for dependent samples showed the significant (p < 0.001) differences in counts observed by the two different methods from the same site of the studied environment. Based on method precision, effectiveness of visualization, time consumption and detection capacity, we suggest that the use of SYBR Green I in parallel with image analysis makes the application of epifluorescence microscopy more accurate and less time consuming for overall estimation of phages abundance in the eutrophicated aquatic environments.

Keywords: virioplankton, transmission electron microscopy, epifluorescence microscopy, Curonian Lagoon.

CHRONICLE

Motiejūnaitė ., 2011: 18th symposium of the baltic mycologists and lichenologists . – Bot. Lith. 17(2–3): 135–136. Full text.

in memoriam

Markovskaja S., 2011: Aušra Treigienė (1955–2011). – Bot. Lith. 17(2–3): 137–139. Full text.